Bureaucracy in the Philippines - Book Review

Book Review The Bureaucracy in the Philippines Dr. Onofre D. Corpuz - Institute of Public Administration: University of the Philippines, 1957. 268 pp. This book is about the administrative history of the bureaucracy in the Philippines. It spans from the 1560’s when Spain undertook to administer the affairs of the natives of the archipelago to the 1950’s when the Filipinos assumed the responsibility of self-government.The author presented the significant phases in the evolution of our administrative apparatus to identify the important characteristics of the current form and functions of the civil service of the Philippine government. In Chapter 1, Dr. Corpuz described the native life of the inhabitants before the arrival of the Spaniards. These inhabitants were not strangers to progress and civilization. Although the pre-Spanish Filipinos were in a state of cultural maturity, it was maturity at a low level.It was a stage of cultural inadequacy based on an old and simple framework. The author briefly discussed the transition of the Philippine bureaucracy from the time that we’re still a colony of foreign nations to the time that the Philippines became an independent republic. The author reconstructed, in Chapter 2, the setting in which Spain’s colonial bureaucracy appeared around the middle of the 16th century. The author also described how the Spanish colonial government â€Å"organized† the colony in Filipinas.Also discussed was the expedition headed by Miguel Lopez de Legazpi in 21 November 1564, how his peaceful diplomacy won the allegiance of many subjects and the establishment of Manila as a city and Legazpi’s capital. Chapter 3 discussed the two concepts on how bureaucracy may be viewed: (1) as an organization or apparatus; (2) as a collection of individual bureaucrats, placing more emphasis on the 2nd concept of bureaucracy – the realities of bureaucratic behaviour. The chapter is devoted to a study of Spanish bureaucrats. The author also discussed the following: a. how bureaucrats are appointed in Filipinas and in Spain – the processes and criteria involved in obtaining the king’s favor; b. how to acquire/purchase an office where many bureaucrats obtained their positions; c. detailed conditions under which Spanish bureaucrats as a whole lived and worked; and d. ow the administrative organization was centralized in Manila for control and communications purposes. The next two chapters are dedicated in highlighting the essentials of life and service of the highest-ranking bureaucrats – the Presidente-Gobernador (Governor-General), the Oidores, Fiscales, and Reales Oficiales – who constituted the governmental bureaucracy in Manila. The author, in Chapter 4, described the governor-general of Filipinas which had the attributes of a super-bureaucrat.Also discussed, in general, was the performance of the different governor-general appointed in Filipinas and illustrated the conflict between the clergy and the governors and the instability of the governorship – which office was considered as an opportunity for private material profit. Chapter 5 is dedicated to the discussion of the Audiencia of Manila and its bureaucrats and the Royal Officials. The Audiencia performed functions of a superior judicial tribunal; the highest court of justice in the colonies.The author discussed the conditions, restrictions, the legislative and judicial functions and the organizational changes of the office. Also discussed are the functions and conditions of the â€Å"Royal Official† (Reales Oficiales) or the oficial de la real hacienda who are the administrators of the king’s personal estate or the royal hacienda. It should be remembered that the various dominions/colonies in the Indias are considered as the king’s personal property or estate. â€Å"As a monarch, he entrusted the government of his kingdoms and provinces to viceroys, governors-general, and Audiencias.As a proprietor, he entrusted the administration of his estate and revenues to the royal officials. † The structural defects and administrative weakness of the bureaucracy is brought about by the pervasion and corruption of the office of men who only saw the position as a means for private personal gain. In Chapter 6, the author then discussed the conditions, restrictions and all the functions and duties of the provincial government and the provincial officers/bureaucrats commonly known as alcade-mayor. The alcaldes are the provincial equivalent/counterpart of the governor-general of the archipelago.The author also highlighted how the alcalde-mayor was also the judge with provincial jurisdictions and since these bureaucrats have no background in the law and having arrived in the province with questionable motives, it is therefore said that the â€Å"pr incipal vice† of province administration is the absence of â€Å"true justice†. The author emphasized that provincial administration has no direction since the system of concentration of functions is in one man and this has disadvantageously rendered the bureaucrat inefficient. This inefficiency neglect or non-performance of duties – easily turned into oppression.The alcadeship evolved into an office of abuse since there were no checks to the alcalde’s excesses and frauds. He is the judge – administrator – military commandant of the province – an action against him is futile. However, reforms were undertaken to improve the administration in the provinces. But these reforms weren’t able to bear fruit for the main reason that they were enacted too late. Discussed also were the native bureaucrats and the system of local government; the principalia which was a social and political aristocracy on the village level – the details of its participation and the conditions under which it was actually exercised.The author also described the undeniable influence or relative power of the clergy in civil and political life, them being more â€Å"unified† than the group of the bureaucrats. In Chapter 7, the author summarized the weaknesses of the Spanish colonial bureaucracy, fundamental of which was the internal moral corruption of its members made worse by the fact that the Madrid government placed its political faith not in the bureaucracy but in the church. Discussed also as the futile attempts to reform the colonial bureaucracy and the general structure of the central administration and the budgetary practices of the central government in Manila. Chapter 8 is a â€Å"discussion of the principal events and factors that shaped the new era that constituted the basis upon which the new political administration was established, and that provided the context for the new bureaucracy and the new bureaucrats. † The author discussed Aguinaldo’s action and the general features of the scheme to organize the town and provincial governments.The new institutions under the Revolutionary Government were closely patterned after the preceding scheme of the Spanish a dministration due to the lack of time for innovations, but the local authorities and institutions were now more popularly based and autonomous. Discussed also was the principal features of the Malolos Constitution of 1899 which was an admirable work of constitutionalism, considering the difficult conditions of the times and the inexperience of its authors. Ideal as it may seem, the first attempt to self-government was aborted as the Philippines was once again under a colonial regime – now in the hands of the Americans. According to the author, the American occupation of the Philippines is generally pointed out as a major phase in the evolution of modern colonial policy and colonial administration. During this time, there were increased economic activities – in agriculture, manufacturing and commerce – such that the colony enjoyed vastly improved standards of living and for the first time, the masses have a chance to escape from poverty. The author also studied the formative period, from 1900 to 1913, of the new bureaucracy.The author identified the salient features of this advanced civil service system which is in great magnitude different from that of the old Spanish system. In Chapter 9, the author focussed on the period from 1913 to 1935 in which the civil service continued to evolve and which was respected by both American authorities and Filipino officials and politicians. But the evolutionary development was unremarkable. It was a steady but rather dreary process, unmarked by ba sic structural alteration or dramatic innovation in the service itself. During this period, both houses of the lawmaking bodies were under Filipino control.This period also marked the beginning of Filipinization of the civil service. In Chapter 10, the author discussed how the Philippine Civil Service, from 1935 to 1955, passed through brief but basic evolutionary governments. First discussed was the establishment of the Philippine Commonwealth Government (November 15, 1935) which completed the gradual transfer of government functions to Filipinos. The Philippine Government was a 10-year transitional government – republican in form, Filipino in personnel and has autonomy in domestic affairs – to be superseded by the Republic of the Philippines on July 4, 1946.Further discussed were the constitutional changes and phases of which the civil service is also undergoing namely: First, the phase of consolidation and further expansion, lasting until the Japanese invasion; Second, the phase of dislocation and demoralization covering the war and ear ly postwar years; and Third, the phase of reconstruction and modernization. The author, in the last chapter, summarized the important phases in the bureaucracy in the Philippines from the pre-Spanish period to the year 1955 which was discussed in detail in the preceding chapters. Also discussed briefly were the weaknesses and characteristics of the bureaucracy.This work of Dr. Onofre Corpuz is a vital contribution to the study of Public Administration. I have but good words for this work. The topics were well-organized and clearly written. He was able to piece together different historical data and I was impressed by the historical information presented in this book and his sources which dates from early 1600’s. Because of this book, the reader will have a better background and clearer understanding of the current conditions of the bureaucracy. I hope there could be further study on the conditions of the bureaucracy, if significant change has been attained after 1955.

The use of rehabilitation as the dominant model for corrections Term Paper

The use of rehabilitation as the dominant model for corrections - Term Paper Example ce system that what goals to emphasize, what programs to offer, and what model to follow are issues being continuously debated upon, especially so that number of offenders is in continuous rise, bleeding off American taxpayers millions of dollars just to maintain correctional facilities. The irony of the picture, wherein the victims’ (mostly taxpayers) money is spent for their offenders (mostly unemployed), also illustrates the dilemma of corrections as to which should be emphasized: retribution or rehabilitation? The answer to this illustrates how one understands criminal justice. Meaning, what should be the primary consideration in choosing a model for corrections: Would it be political, financial, practical, legal or ethical considerations? In other words, what is ethical may not be politically advantageous, may be too expensive, may not be legal or may be too hard to achieve. But are these considerations justifiable? To think as such is a mockery of criminal justice, becau se as Sherman (1981) explains with certainty, criminal justice decisions are primarily moral decisions (as cited in Gold, 2012, p. 12). To render justice then is upholding what is right. Within this premise, this paper argues for rehabilitation as the dominant model for corrections for various reasons as discussed below Corrections are traditionally perceived to function primarily as an institution for the following four major goals. One is retribution – to justly punish offenders. Underlying this goal is the belief of ancient and biblical origin, ‘an eye for an eye and a tooth for a tooth’ (cited in Clear, Cole & Reisig, 2010, pp. 70-73), which means that every criminal offense deserves just punishment. Offenders should be punished according to the severity of their crime. Thus it would be unjust to give capital punishment to someone caught for simple misdemeanor, because the punishment is more severe than the crime committed. In the same way, it would be unjust to put simply on

GBST300 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 3

GBST300 - Essay Example s relevant nuclear technology in manufacturing atomic energy and fundamental information to states that are not known as Nuclear Weapon countries by the conformity on the Reduction of Nuclear Weapons, is one of the major ways in which non-nuclear powers and terrorists build nuclear weapons. The upkeep of global stability and security is an essential part of the United Nations’ mission. Weapons of mass destruction (WMD) chemical, biological, nuclear, or radiological weapons that can bring harm to large figures of people and infrastructure have been at the forefront of worldwide security concerns since the advent of the UN. The production of viable nuclear weapons means of delivery, threatens incalculable consequences for global stability and prosperity especially from countries, which part of the NPT possess important unsafeguarded nuclear activities. Countries such as India, Israel and Pakistan are normally categorize as states that are not part of the NPT. The growth of international terrorism has added a new dimension to an old problem, as global and regional tensions rise, technology improves, and security falters in critical areas, giving rise to an international black market for WMD.Dr. Khan, a metallurgist and the architect of Pakistan bomb is considered the mastermind of the largest illicit nuclear proliferation network in history who had begun selling nuclear technology to Iran in the late 1980’s. This signaled the opening of business for an enterprise that eventually spread to North Korea, Libya and beyond to

The Perils of Obedience by Stanley Milgram Essay -- Stanley Milgram T

â€Å"The Perils of Obedience† was written by Stanley Milgram in 1974. In the essay he describes his experiments on obedience to authority. I feel as though this is a great psychology essay and will be used in psychology 101 classes for generations to come. The essay describes how people are willing to do almost anything that they are told no matter how immoral the action is or how much pain it may cause.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  This essay even though it was written in 1974 is still used today because of its historical importance. The experiment attempts to figure out why the Nazi’s followed Hitler. Even though what he told them to do was morally wrong and they did it anyway. If this essay can help figure out why Hitler was able to do what he was then able to do, then maybe psychologists can figure out how to prevent something like that from happening again.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"The Perils of Obedience† is about an experiment that was made to test the obedience of ordinary people. There are two people who come and perform in the lab, one is the subject or the teacher and the other is an actor or the learner. The teacher doesn’t know that the learner is an actor. They are there to see how far someone would go on causing someone pain just because they were told to do so the authority figure. The learner is given a list of word pairs and has to memorize them. Then he has to remember the second word of the pair when he hears the first word. If he is incorrect the â€Å"teacher† will shock him until he gets it rig...

Norwegian Wood by The Beatles: Song Analysis

The song opens with a sweepingly catchy acoustic melody that seamlessly evokes sense of nostalgic longing. This feeling of sadness and reflection permeates throughout the piece. While the arrangement is actually quite complex, the music appears stripped down to the casual listener; the song is centered around a mall lick performed simultaneously on acoustic guitar and sitar, which Is Introduced at the beginning and decidedly does not evolve into anything beyond this. The simplistic structure brings to mind a sensation of loneliness, which is heightened by Lemon's yearning vocals.The soothing melody can be described as dreamlike, and the petition is used to almost hypnotic effect, succeeding in ministering the concentrated listener into a peaceful, contemplative daze. The short length of the song Is somewhat Jarring (It ends just after two minutes) because Just as the listener has been subdued by the Infectious melody, they are abandoned by It just as quickly. It feels as though there should be more; as if there is something missing. I would argue, however, that this is exactly the effect The Battles intended, as it adds to the ambiguous nature of the song. The production of the song, courtesy of GeorgeMartin, succeeds in bringing the contagious melody to the forefront of the experience, all the while allowing the rest of the Instruments sufficient clarity. Ambiguity Is also achieved through the song's lyrics, which describe a seemingly clandestine love affair between Lennox and an unnamed woman. The song opens with the line: â€Å"I once had a girl, or should I say, she once had me†, suggesting that not only is the relationship mysterious to the listener, but also inconclusive to the man involved in it. The lyrics continue to outline a strained evening of the couple talking, ranking wine, and eventually going to bed in separate rooms.Much speculation has been made as to what the song Is actually about, especially the final lines; â€Å"And when I awoke, I was alone, this bird had flown / So 1 11th a fire, Isn't It good, Norwegian wood. † Some believe that the fire being lit is a joint of marijuana, or that the man burns the house down after the woman makes him sleep in the bath. In The Battles Anthology, Lennox says of the lyrics: ‘Norwegian Wood' was about an affair I was having. I was very careful and paranoid because I didn't want my wife, CCNY, to know that there really was something owing on outside the household.I'd always had some kind of affairs going, so I was trying to De sophisticated In writing auto an tall, out In sun a smokescreen way that you couldn't tell. (196) Like many of The Battles' innovations in sound, the incorporation of the sitar came from spontaneous experimentation. In The Battles Anthology, George Harrison recalls: I went and bought a sitar from a little shop at the top of Oxford Street called Antiaircraft – it stocked little carvings, and incense. It was a real crummy-quality one, a ctually, but I bought it and mucked around with it a bit.Anyway;ay, we were at the mint where we'd recorded the ‘Norwegian Wood' backing track (twelve-string and six- string acoustic, bass and drums) and it needed something. We would usually start looking through the cupboard to see if we could come up with something, a new sound, and I picked the sitar up – it was Just lying around; I hadn't really figured out what to do with it. It was quite spontaneous: I found the notes that played the lick. It fitted and it worked. (196) â€Å"Norwegian Wood† is the second track on Rubber Soul, following the upbeat â€Å"Drive My Car† and is followed by the also light-hearted muff Won't See Me†.

Domestic Violence in Marriage - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 9 Words: 2636 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2019/04/16 Category Society Essay Level High school Tags: Domestic Violence Essay Did you like this example? ABSTRACT This report â€Å"Domestic Violence in Marriage† directs the attention of the readers towards the horrible reality which still haunts the modern era of advancement. Mainly, the focus of the study revolves around the causes, physiological and psychological consequences and areas of concern related to violence in marriage. The researcher justifies that financial, psychological, economical, emotional, educational and moral decrement are the main causes of daily abuse of married women by their dominant husbands. The researcher used the set of queries in the form of a questionnaire, well responded by the 40 married women from different backgrounds and professions. The methodology of random sampling was used by the researcher. With the help of the quantitative analyses, the researcher revealed that the maximum population of women has suffered and survived the misconduct by their husbands. Most of them never stood for their rights and very less percentage of these women attempted to escape. This study points out the main causes of violence and thus spreads awareness in women about their self-esteem, dignity, security and basic rights. In the next ten years, this research provides a background study for eradicating the evident causes of marital abuse in our society. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Domestic Violence in Marriage" essay for you Create order Chapter 1 Introduction: In this world where everyone is accustomed with equal rights and freedom, substantial population still suffers from abuse and violence. Domestic Violence is a stencil of storming and coercive behaviorism including sexual, physical, economical, mental and physiological as well. In simple words, the violent act executed by a dominant person on a weak person is termed as violence. That dominant person may be an intimate partner or even the head of household. It is believed that domestic violence is purposeful crime which is committed to achieve compliance or control of the victim. Globally, maximum number of victims of domestic violence is women. In some countries, domestic abuse is justified and legally correct. 85% of women are abused by their intimate partner according to various studies which directs our attention mainly on domestic violence in marriage. In mid 1800s, the legal organizations believed that beating wife by her husband was a healthy exercise. In Pakistan, Domestic violence is one of the major public health problems and seems to be increasing with time. It was reported in 2009 by Human Rights that 30% to 40% of women have suffered some form of assault and violence. There are intrinsic and extrinsic factors both but the most common aspect of abuse against women is male dominance in family because the decision making authority is given to man and women consider themselves insecure without men. Other factors may include depression, possessiveness, unemployment and psychological issues, poverty, child marriages and increased unionization. In relationship, women cannot escape mainly because of their dependence or the fear of getting killed by their own partner as it was proved by the studies that 75% of women are murdered because they tried to breakout. Literature Review: Domestic violence in marriage 1.2a Introduction: Women have been the victim of violence especially in marriage from the prevenient age. The causes are variable inclusive of unemployment, possessiveness, insecurity, poverty, illiteracy, and psychological issues which lead to exploitation of women sexually, emotionally, economically, socially and physically. This is also observed in well-educated households. Domestic violence is among those horrible crimes which kill 5000 women each year. Moreover, The Medical Association in America reports that 2 million women are subjected to abuse by their partner each year around the globe. This literature review is based on the motives of the domestic violence in marriage extracted from the work of different authors.2 1.2b Livelihood and Wealth: Because of the traditional male dominance, there is a stress on husbands especially those with fewer resources. So, they see themselves as abortive human beings who cannot make the both ends meet, become violent and show aggressiveness towards their female partner. Studies show that the burden on male partner is amplified when the wife is not fruitful and economically non helpful. Women in such households cannot escape because they are dependent on their husband for everything, so they bear the consequences.[footnoteRef:2] The investigation has revealed that the higher beat levels of tension are directly associated with the domestic violence because of less or no resources. Males are subjected to the increasing competition for survival on a surpassing level than women in today’s world. The failure tends to make husbands more aggressive and directs them to raise their hand against their wives. 1.2c Social Economic Status: The studies reveal that the women who are socially and economically active are more exposed towards violence. When the socioeconomic interaction of women exceeds that of the male partner then they are vulnerable to abuse because their men find themselves threatened by the higher status of their wives. So, men find violence is the best control for such women. 1.2d History of Domestic violence: Research has shown that the denudation towards violence in childhood leads to growing up as an abusive adult who thinks abuse is normal is daily life.[footnoteRef:5] It is also observed that the children who have grownup seeing their mothers being beaten by their own fathers tend to become more violent to their wives after marriage.[footnoteRef:6] The reports also suggests that the adults who have witnessed assault of their mothers three times a day become abusive husbands. 1.2e Characteristics of Abusive Husband: Husbands are abusive when they have a dark background. They are more likely to beat and blowup their female partner because they are habitual of the violence. They are emotionally sick and psychologically weak and prove their power by raising hands on the non-dominant wife. 1.2f Lack of Education: The illiteracy rate is the one of main causes which bring disastrous results. The women who were less educated or unqualified experienced more violence than the educated women. The difference in education brings contrariness among husband and wife which leads to conflicts and men find it easier to just finish it by force of their dominance. Violence is also administered between the couples with equal qualification as both are educated and know the difference between right and wrong, the women still suffer from abuse and misconduct. 1.2g Unemployment: The rate of unemployment increases the characteristic of violence and abuse among men which increases the risk of depression and debasement. Unemployment is the major definitive which leads to domestic violence. If women are given a chance to go out and look for opportunities and get employed then those women are less likely to get beaten by their husbands. 1.2h Lack of Moral Values and Respect: Study shows that there is a need to inculcate moral values to men from their childhood so that they become not only good citizens but good husbands too. Those women get less subjected to abuse and perversion whose husbands respect them. Those husbands who appreciate the efforts of their women do not harm their wives. But more important point in that older women are more respected so they are safe from violence but young women are not. 1.2i Economic Independence: When a women who is a wife of someone is educated and well qualified, she earns for the house and becomes economically independent. She gets a sense of independence because there is lesser chance of male dominance now, but this freedom of women hurts the ego of men especially husbands and get abused by the same people for whom she burns midnight oil. 1.2k Early Age Marriages: Getting married at an early age of immaturity is another cause, which streaks women to violence by her partner. In the South Asian countries, women are considered to be a economical burden which needs to be set in order as early as possible. Even younger women are directed more towards violence than the older ones. 1.2k Domestic violence Statistics: Studies show that 1 in 4 women have gone through emotional abuse by their husband since the age of 15. Research also revealed that 40% of women continue to be exposed to vehemency from their intimate partners while separated. Intimate bestiality is the major cause of mental illness and even death of women aged 18 to 44. Children that have grown up observing domestic violence in home have poor mental and social skills. Chapter 2 Research Methodology This section will elaborate the methods that helped the researcher to collect and formulate the data for analysis and result of the report. In this era of freedom where human beings are given equal rights and justice, the dark gospel truth still exists which is alarming. Domestic Violence is exploitation or abuse by one dominant person against the minor or the violence in the home defined in the modern language. It can be verbal, physical, religious, emotional or sexual. All over, the victims of domestic violence are compellingly women. In mid 1800s, the legal organizations believed that beating wife by her husband was a healthy exercise. This type of violence is the most under rated crime globally for both the men and women and defined as range of sexually, emotionally, economically and physically violent acts between the intimate partners. Domestic violence can be against children and elderly too. Around the world specific forms of domestic violence against women include honor killings, forced marriages, choking, bride burning and dowry deaths. In Pakistan, domestic violence is a treacherous problem which has created physical and psychological distress among people. This is one of the most horrible crimes which kills 5000 women per year. Every second women in Pakistan suffers from at least one form of abuse which has a prolong negative effect on her well-being. Due to the religious form Pakistani society grasps, the women face discrimination and injustice. Domestic violence in Pakistan from the last two decades has received the attention by constant efforts of women right workers. There are intrinsic and extrinsic factors both but the most common aspect of abuse against women is male dominance in family because the decision making authority is given to man and women consider themselves insecure without men. Other factors may include depression, possessiveness, unemployment and psychological issues, poverty, child marriages and increased unionization. Violence against women has uncountable formations which include foot binding, genital mutilation, prostitution, femicide, sexual assault, rape and slavery. Women who gather all the courage and report against the violence suffer from severe challenges. Domestic violence is the major issue which is of great significance and must be highlighted because the impact that it has on victims can be life threatening and devastating. One can have mental disorders or even permanent denigration of body causing physical maladies. Women do not receive proper treatment of abuse because it is not considered a health matter in the culture of Pakistan. Women in abusive relationships are unable to escape due to the fear of being killed by the violator or even by her own family. Not only women but men around the world suffer from bestiality but are not considered for the reason that of fewer ratios as compared to women. A plan must be created against the curse of violence for the treatment of victims because not every human being is subjected to violence by his own will. Population of the Study The researcher selected women from different areas of concern, be it housewives or working ladies. Total population was 40 women, out of which, 10 were household maids, and rest were housewives and working women. The researcher selected the population randomly. Sample of the Study The researcher used the methodology of random sampling for the data collection. But exclusively married women from different occupations were selected to respond and take part in preceding the collection of data. Tool of Data Collection Questionnaire was used as the tool of data collection. The researcher used set of 12 questions, which interpreted the basic and evident reasons behind the increasing domestic violence in marriage. Chapter 3 Data Analysis and Interpretation This section covers the data interpretation collected through perusal reviews, surveys and questionnaire. Most of the information was collected from a set of queries which were well responded by married women from the different zones and professions either working or a housewife. The questionnaire was filled by women online and a great interest was shown by them. Following pie charts show the response which helped in formulating the reports further: Data Analysis Threatened to harm physically: When asked about this specific question, women were confident to answer it while some were confused and answered maybe instead of a accurate statement. 45% of women claimed that they were threatened to be harmed physically while 40% of them never experienced such intentions. Beats you: This was a direct question and women were chose to be beaten often while 33% of them were never molested or harmed by their husbands. Accused you of being unreliable: Most of the women did not remember of being accused while 33% of women are subjected to accusation. 28% of the women were never blamed of being unreliable. Behavior of Husband when Angry: Any pattern of behavior which disturbs the other mentally or physically is termed as violence. This question was a key to find out the behavior of husband when he is angry or stressed to which 52% of women claimed that their husbands shout on them while 31% of the population confessed of being slapped or even kicked. Your behavior when abused by husband: The behavior of the victim is very important which can either help him to get rid of that abuse performed or get weaker. This question led to the important aspect of the report in which maximum number of women answered that they take stress and cry late night. Less number of women admitted that they fight back and stand for their self-esteem. Escape from misconduct: One of the major and important question which led to the discovery of women escaping and bailing out of the abuse. Paramount population of married women answered that they cannot or did not even try to escape from the misconduct. This summons that women are dependent on their husbands and struggle hard to make their relationship continue by comprising. Conclusion It is achieved that large number of women still fight to run their married life no matter how many obstacles they have to pass. The reports shows that abusive behaviour is not only related to illiterate people but the most educated ones too. In this modern era of freedom and equality, women still suffer from the domestic violence in one way or the other even if they are educated, employed or independent. More Health Organizations should be established to ensure the safety of women. Recommendations For Abused Women The women who have gone through misconduct should have faith and believe in themselves. Women are not alone to bear dereliction and they should be eager to recognize the signs of abuse from the start of the marriage. They should talk to someone whom they trust; it can be friend or anyone except the abuser. Women should stand of their dignity and right, and if they cannot get rid of abusive relationship then there should be a plan to ensure their safety. For Abusers They should admit their coercive behavior and should feel guilty about it. Abuser must seek forgiveness from God for their ill actions. They should control their desires and nature in the best way that does not hurt their loved ones. Religious Health authorities must take a step to inculcate the moral values and ethics in the abuser’s mind and personality to raise the sense of responsibility and honor in them. For Readers Domestic abuse is a hidden crime but the people around the victim can play a critical role for fostering peace. The victim tends to show the gestures which should be understood by surrounding people, and sometimes the victim seeks for help when risk of violence increases. In a troubled situation, calling a hotline of violence shelter resources can reduce the extent.

Analyzing The View that All Legal Approaches to Reducing...

Analyzing The View that All Legal Approaches to Reducing Inequalities are Fundamentally Flawed In todays society it is assumed that everyone has the right to equal opportunities. These equal opportunities include equal access to public services, to job opportunities and income, the freedom of access and movement, the right to be free from harassment and equal access to means of determining equal access, in other words who gets what, who is excluded and who is not, basically the right to vote. It can be hard to determine what equal is, does it mean we all get the same treatment or at least we should do or is equality associated more with what matches our needs? Its a difficult question to answer, as†¦show more content†¦Disabled people have also experienced inequality in society for centuries; sometimes peoples attitudes have totally dismissed the rights of disabled people, at times to the point at which individuals have decided that those with disabilities are abnormal or a burden on societys resources. As far back as medieval Germany, disabled people were experien cing these unfair attitudes. It was in medieval Germanythat Martin Luther permitted the killing of disabled babies as incarnations of the devil. Centuries later, Hitler attempted to rid Germany of disabled people under his fascist regime; according to him they were imperfections which contaminate the genetic stream. Although society has moved on, we cannot stop these kinds of opinions. One of the most important pieces of disability legislation is the Disability Discrimination Act 1995. The act covered physical disabilities, learning difficulties and mental illness. Today, a lot of institutions have been made to make changes in order to accommodate disabled people, disabled toilets, ramps for disabled access, special computer programmes for the blind, deaf, dyslexic, etc. However, not all institutes can afford to make changes unless given government help. OthersShow MoreRelatedTransfer Pricing20501 Words   |  83 Pagesseparate accounting. Interestingly, it provided two more method s – a) empirical method (percentage of turnover for example) b) fractional apportionment under which net business income was determined by various factors. Further, the 1935 model provided for all items of income other than those allocable to specific sources to be grouped together as â€Å"business income† and rendered taxable on a net basis. The 1935 draft was mainly based on the â€Å"Carroll Report† [9] which was compiled based on Carroll s visitRead MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. 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